Diversity, antibacterial activites and growth promoting characteristics of endophytic fungi from sandal (Santalum album) / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to investigated the biological diversity, antibacterial activites and the plant growth-promoting traits of endophytic fungi of sandal (Santalum album), and to assess their potential in the development of antibacterial substances and rapid cultivation of sandal. The results of isolation and taxa analysis of endophytic fungi from sandal showed that 325 strains of endophytic fungi belonging to 16 genera of endophytic fungi were isolated from sandal (of which 86 from roots, 105 from stems and 134 from leaves). The isolation rate and colonization rate of endophytic fungi in different sandal parts showed the same pattern of change: leave>stems>roots. The diversity index of endophytic fungi in sandal roots was significantly higher than that of stems and leaves. The dominant endophytic fungi of sandal roots, stems and leaves showed significant differences. The dominant endophytic fungi of roots were Fusarium (50.00%) and Alternaria (10.47%), Alternaria (58.11%) and Acremonium (20.00%) for stems, and Pantoea (74.63%) for leaves. The antibacterial activity of 40 representative strains of sandal endophytic fungi were analyzed and the results showed that 90% of endophytic fungi exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested bacteria strains, and the strains with inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis accounted for 45.0%, 30%, 47.5%, 55%, 72.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. The sandal fungal endophytes with plant growth-promoting characteristics were screened, and 5 strains of endophytic fungi with phosphorus-solubilizing activity, 8 strains of endophytic fungi producing IAA, and 4 strains of endophytic fungi producing siderophores were found. Among them, endophytic fungus Monilia sp TXRF45 clould produced IAA and siderophores, and also show phosphate-solubilizing activity. The results indicated that the endophytic fungi of Sandal were rich in species diversity and their distribution had a certain tissue specificity. Some strains showed good antibacterial activity and growth-promoting properties, which could potentially applicable for the development of antibacterial substances and rapid cultivation of sandal.

Effect of Oxymatrine on cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling in rabbits after acute myocardial infarction / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Oxymatrine on left cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in rabbits after acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ligation of the left anterior descending artery was adopted to establish acute myocardial infarction model, forty eight rabbits were randomized into the sham operation group, model group and Oxymatrine group. Eight models were successfully established in each group. the sham operation group and model group were given conventional feed. Oxymatrine were gavage administration 0.5 ml/100 g, once a day, lasted for 4 weeks. Respectively in postoperative week, and three weeks, to observe the Oxymatrine on cardiac output (CO), left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left indoor pressure change rate peak (dp/dtmax)), and left ventricular cavity internal diameter (D), ventricular weight index (VWI), ventricular weight (VW).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Left ventricular anterior wall was from red to deep purple, electrocardiogram showed II guide ST-segment camber up ≥ 0.25 mv. Postoperative week in Oxymatrine group compared with model group, LVESP increased significantly (P < 0.01), LVEDP decreased obviously (P < 0.01); After three weeks in Oxymatrine group compared with model group, VW, VWI decreased (P < 0.05), D significantly reduced (P < 0.01); LVESP increased significantly (P < 0.01), LVEDP decreased obviously (P <0.01); dp/dt(max), CO increased (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After acute myocardial infarction in rabbit Oxymatrine can improve the left ventricular reconstruction parameters, increase cardiac output, and improve cardiac function.</p>

Influence of gelatin particle size and gelatin/calcium phosphate cement ratio on repairing potency of composite artificial bone material / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of gelatin particle (GP) size and gelatin/calcium phosphate cement (GP/CPC) ratio on repairing potency of comparison artificial bone material.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Composite GP/CPC materials with different GP size (100~200 μm vs. 200~300 μm) and ratio(5% vs. 10%) were prepared. Physiochemical and biological properties, including porosity, resistance to compression, ultrastructure and biocompatibility were compared among 4 groups of GP/CPC materials. Different GP/CPC materials were used to repair the critical-size cranial bone defect in rabbit model, and the histology and newly formed bone inside scaffolds (nBIS) were examined and compared among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GP/CPC with GP of 200~300 μm possessed larger micropores than that with GP of 100~200 μm (P<0.05). The GP/CPC containing 10% GP had higher porosity than that containing 5% GP (P<0.05). The animal model study showed that more new bone formed in those defects filled with GP/CPC containing 10% GP with 200~300 μm in size compared with GP/CPC containing 5% GP with 100~200 μm in size (P<0.05). While GP/CPC containing 5% GP with 100~200 μm in size showed a higher level of resistance to compression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the particle size of GP and its ratio in the GP/CPC affect the properties of the composite biomaterials and their role in bone repairing. In particular, the GP/CPC containing 10% GP with 200~300 μm in size is most suitable for repairing critical-size cranial bone defect in animal model.</p>

Role of PPARγin Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy by Telmisartan / 医药导报

Objective To demonstrate the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of telmisartan in diabetic nePhroPathy, and discuss the role of PPARγin this Process. Methods The diabetic nePhroPathy rat models were established and randomly assigned to control grouP, telmisartan grouP ( 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ) and combination of telmisartan and PPARγ inhibitor grouP (telmisartan:5 mg·kg-1·d-1;GW9662:0. 5 mg·kg-1·d-1). After 12 weeks of treatment,the biochemical indexes of blood and urine,kidney weight,renal Pathology in each grouP of diabetic nePhroPathy rats were measured and comPared. The leVels of IL_1,IL_6 and TNF_α in blood of each grouP were detected by ELISA and comPared. The leVels of HGF and actiVated NF_κB (P65) in renal tissue of each grouP were detected by Western blotting and comPared. Results In diabetic nePhroPathy rats, telmisartan lowered the leVels of serum glucose, serum creatinine, urinary Protein and kidney weight, decreased the glomerular Volume,mesangial Proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration,reduced blood leVels of IL_1,IL_6,and TNF_α,and decreased leVel of actiVated NF_κB (P65) in renal tissue. The leVel of HGF in renal tissue was eleVated by telmisartan. NeVertheless,these changes were Partly reVersed by PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Conclusion PPARγ Presents an imPortant role in treatment of diabetic nePhroPathy by telmisartan.

Study on the correlation of integrin distribution changes with directional migration of hepatoma cells / 医用生物力学

Objective To explore the influence of integrin redistribution on hepatoma cell alignment and migration and the influence of cytoskeleton reassembly on integrin redistribution by the method of mechanical loading unloading and fibronection(FN) coating. Method By using immuneofluescence staining, cofocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative morphological analysis, integrin distribution change and crtoskeleton assembly adjustment were observed and the deformation of cell movement was tested and analyzed quantitatively. Results (1) cells with different forms have different integrin expressions and distribution features. The β1 integrin expression for spreading cells was higher than that for round (nonspreading) cells. For spreading cells, the strongest staining was found towards the attachment surface. While for round (nonspreading) cells, the integrin staining on the free surface towards medium was stronger than that towards the attachment surface. (2) After 5 hours of mechanical stretch, the β1 integrin expression for both spreading and round cells increased, and distribution peaks towards the attachment surface broadened. At 1 hour after unloading, the β1 integrin expression decreased and the distribution of integrin staining showed the tendency of dispersion, especially for round cells. (3) After coating the substrates with FN, the β1 integrin expression increased. The integrin staining for either spreading or round cells was more towards the attachment surface to reduce the migration of hepatoma cells. 4) After 5 hours of mechanical stretch, 60% of cells showed their orientation of major axes distributed between 70°～110° towards the stretching direction, and the cytoskeleton aligned vertically to the stretching direction. Cytoskeletons were found significantly depolymerized at 1 hour of unloading. Conclusions The change of integrin distribution is affected by cytoskeleton aligned and the number of ligand. The distribution feature of the whole integrin expression on the surface of individual round cells is related to their stronger invasion and metastasis capability.

Reconstruction of maxillary defect by prefabricated titanium mesh combined with pedicled buccal fat pad flap and bone autograft / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce individualized 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of maxillary defect by prefabricated titanium mesh combined with pedicled buccal fat pad flap (PBFPF) and bone autograft.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Since May, 2001, 16 patients with maxillary defect resulted from tumor or trauma were treated. The 3-D models were created through 3-D CT and rapid prototype technique. The maxilla on the unaffected side was copied to the affected side by CAD/CAM. Then the titanium mesh was prefabricated accurately on the 3-D model. The PBFPF served as lining of the titanium mesh and the autogenous bone graft was used to reconstruct the shape and function of maxilla.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The duration of follow-up was 6 to 36 months. All the wounds healed primarily with good facial symmetry. No food reflux to nasal cavity was observed. The dentitions in 8 of 16 cases were restored with good function by removable partial denture. They could have normal diet and were articulate. Nasopharyngoscopy showed normal tissue lining of the titanium mesh 5-12 months after operation in 3 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Satisfactory aesthetic and functional result can be achieved with this 3-D reconstruction method for maxilla defect. The PBFPF was insert better titanium mesh and mucous of maxilla sinus to avoid exposure of titanium mesh. The fat pad flap with blood supply promotes wound healing and helps partially restoring the function of the maxillary sinus.</p>

Apoptosis induces by exogenous nitric oxide in Tca8113 cells / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the apoptosis induced by exogenous NO in Tca8113 cells and to investigate the possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SNP as NO donor was used to treat the tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of NO on Tca8113 cells were examined by using MTT assay, acridine orange (AO) staining, Wright-Giemsa staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Western blot was performed for investigating the apoptotic mechanism.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NO had a remarkable proliferation inhibiting effect on Tca8113 cells. After being exposed to exogenous NO, Tca8113 cells showed series of apoptotic morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation; and also showed DNA fragmentation, G2/M phase arrest as well as upregulation of the tumor suppressor P53 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Exogenous NO has a proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction effect on Tca8113 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner, P53 protein may be involved in the apoptosis induced by NO.</p>

Effects of Inhaled Budesonide in Early Phase on Airway Inflammation and Interleukin-6/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Signaling Pathway in Asthmatic Mouse / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the effects of inhaled budesonide (BUD) in early phase on the airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse,and its effects on the IL-6/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(IL-6/STAT3 )signaling pathway in airway,explore the therapeutic target of BUD.Methods Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control group(n=10),asthma group(n=10),BUD group(n=10) and AG490 group(n=10).The mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model.The histological changes were evaluated by HE staining.The levels of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Lung tissue extracts were analyzed for total STAT3 and phospho-STAT3(p-STAT3) by Western blot.Results 1.The levels of inflammatory cells,EOS%, IL-4,IL-5 and IL-6 levels in the BALF in BUD group were significantly lower than those in asthma group (Pa0.05).Conclusions Inhaled corticosteroid can apparently ameliorate airway inflammation in early phase in asthmatic mouse model,and it can downregulate the expressions of IL-6 and STAT3,inhibit the signal-transduction pathway of STAT3.The IL-6 /STAT3 signaling pathway of airway may be one of the potential therapeutic targets of inhaled corticosteroid.

Study Progress of Low-Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of Children with Obesity and Insulin Resistance / 实用儿科临床杂志

Obesity has been a world-wide growing health problem in children and adolescents,insulin resistance plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications,the mechanism is still unknown.There is growing evidence that obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation in youth.The onset of low-grade inflammation in obesity may be associated with the inflammatory cytokine secreted by adipose tissue,local Monocyte/Macrophage system and role of oxidative stress.The study of inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance will help to develop new treatment strategies to prevent obesity and obesity-associated complications.

Relationships between Plasma Carnitine,Free Fat Acid Levels and Insulin Resisitance in Children with Simple Obesity / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the correlations between plasma levels of carnitine(CT),free fat acid(FFA) and insulin resisitance in children with simple obesity.Methods Fifty-six children diagnosed with simple obesity were enrolled as study group(obesity group),36 healthy children as control group.The concentration of plasma level of insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA),CT was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),FFA and triglyceride(TG) were measured by enzymatic-colorimetric assay.Body mass index(BMI) and waist to hip ratio(WHR) were caculated.Insulin sensitivity index (InSI) and insulin resistance index (InRI) were cacula-ted by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results The concentration of CT in plasma was (43.67?12.75) ?mol/L in obesity group,(58.31?21.25) ?mol/L in control group,respectively.There was a significant difference between 2 groups (t=2.566 P

Relationship of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase to microvessel density in oral squamous cell carcinomas / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To study expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and its relations to microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic metastasis. METHODS: With 9 cases of normal oral mucosa as control, the expression rate of iNOS in 41 cases of OSCC was evaluated by immunohistochemstry SP staining. With CD34 as label, MVDs of these cases were also detected. RESULTS: The iNOS expression rate of OSCC cases was 63.41%(26/41), while no positive expression was seen in 9 cases of normal oral mucosa. Anymore, the expression rate of N+ group was 85.00% while that of N group 42.90%, the rate between them was significantly different (P<0.01). There was correlation between MVD and lymphatic metastasis (rs=0.51, P<0.01). MVDs in groups of different iNOS expression( approximate, equals +++) were 29.667+/-6.945, 34.833+/-4.579, 46.357+/-6.687, 54.167+/-5.565, respectively, and were significantly different with each other (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: There is high expression rate of iNOS in OSCC, and it has close relation to lymphatic metastasis; angiogenesis may facilitate lymphatic metastasis of OSCC, and expression of iNOS has positive relation to MVD in OSCC.

Expression of Signal Transducers and Activator of Transcription 3 in Airway Epithelial Cells of Asthmatic Mouse Model and Its Role in Airway Remodeling / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3) in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic mouse model and its association with airway remodeling,explore the role of signal-transduction pathway in airway remodeling.Methods Thirty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10),asthma without intervention group(n=10) and AG490 intervention group(n=10).The mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model.The histological changes were evaluated by HE staining,total brochial wall thickness(Wat)and smooth muscle thickness(Wam) were measured by image analysis system,the percentages of collagen deposition were detected by Masson′s trichrome staining,the expression of STAT3 in airway were detected by immunohistochemistry technique;lung tissue extracts were analyzed for phosphorylation of STAT3(p-STAT3)by Western blot.SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results 1.The histological changes including airway thickness,airway smooth cell proliferation and excessive collagen deposition in subepithelial aera were found under light microscope in asthmatic mice.2.The level of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in asthma without intervention group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(Pa

Role of Neutrophilic Inflammation in Severe Asthma in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Asthma was considered to be a kind of chronic airway inflammatory diseases mediated by eosinophils(EOS),mast cells,T lymphocytes for a long time,and the typical pathologic features of asthma was airway EOS inflammation.The current study had found out that elevated neutrophils in airway were seen in severe asthma,and this kind of asthma had a poor response to corticosteroids.Impaired neutrophil chemotaxis and apoptosis of airway neutrophilia may be associated with persistent neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of severe asthma.A deep research into the mechanisms of neutrophilic phenotypes asthma would contribute to the new strategy of therapy.This article discusses a range of topics related to the role of neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma in children,which were organizedas follows.